Soil Testing Equipment
The preparation of a building site includes analysis of several soil factors, including composition, ability to support the structure, and water absorption and drainage rates. Soil characteristics will also affect the choice of landscaping plants.Percolation Tests
Percolation or ‘perc' tests measure how quickly water is absorbed into the soil. The results of a perc test will determine if a septic system can be installed on a building site.
This type of testing is usually done by a civil engineer, and involves digging several test pits on the site. The pits are evaluated for the type of soil present, the depth to bedrock, and the level of the water table. Water is poured into the pits and the water level measured over time. Local ordinances will determine if the percolation rate is sufficient to support a septic system.
Soil tests and water-table levels will also dictate whether a well can be installed on the property.
Since septic and well placement influence the location of the structure, soil tests must be done far in advance of construction activities.
Other Soil Tests
There are many types of soil tests done by civil engineering firms and geotechnical laboratories.
They include soil classification, compaction, unconfined compression, consolidation, permeability, and direct shear. These tests evaluate the soil's ability to adequately support large structures and heavy loads.
Soil Testing for Landscaping
Soil characteristics also influence the choice of landscaping plants. The acidity and the amount of organic material in the soil directly affect the health of trees, grass, and flowers. If soil conditions are not optimum, landscaping plants will not thrive.
Soil acidity and organic content can be altered with soil amendments such as fertilizer and lime. Information on testing and improving soil for plants can be found at your local cooperative extension or large nursery. Many cooperative extension programs offer inexpensive testing that evaluates acidity, nutrients, and soil type. Garden centers may also carry soil testing kits.